TÉCNICA PARA MEJORAR LA COMPRENSIÓN: TEXTO AL REVÉS

 

                                                                 ɾuıɔıo ıuɾusʇo

 ɔnǝuʇɐ nuɐ ɐuʇıƃnɐ lǝʎǝupɐ bnǝ ǝu lɐ ǝpɐp ɯǝpıɐ nu ɥoɯqɹǝ ɯnʎ ʌıɹʇnoso ɟnǝ ıuɾnsʇɐɯǝuʇǝ ɐɔnsɐpo pǝ ɥɐqǝɹ ɐsǝsıuɐpo ɐ nuɐ ɯnɾǝɹ˙ ǝu ɹǝɐlıpɐp' ǝl ʌǝɹpɐpǝɹo ɐnʇoɹ ǝɹɐ nuɐ dǝɹsouɐ ɯnʎ ıuɟlnʎǝuʇǝ pǝl ɹǝıuo' ʎ doɹ ǝso' pǝspǝ ǝl dɹıɯǝɹ ɯoɯǝuʇo sǝ dɹoɔnɹó nu “ɔɥıʌo ǝxdıɐʇoɹıo” dɐɹɐ ǝuɔnqɹıɹ ɐl ɔnldɐqlǝ˙ ǝl ɥoɯqɹǝ ɟnǝ llǝʌɐpo ɐ ɾnıɔıo ʎɐ ɔouoɔıǝupo bnǝ ʇǝupɹíɐ ǝsɔɐsɐs o unlɐs ǝsdǝɹɐuzɐs pǝ ǝsɔɐdɐɹ ɐl ʇǝɹɹıqlǝ ʌǝɹǝpıɔʇo: !lɐ ɥoɹɔɐ¡ ǝl ɾnǝz' ʇɐɯqıéu ɔoɯdɹɐpo' ɔnıpó uo oqsʇɐuʇǝ' pǝ pɐɹ ʇopo ǝl ɐsdǝɔʇo pǝ nu ɾnıɔıo ɾnsʇo' doɹ ǝllo pıɾo ɐl ɐɔnsɐpo: -“ɔouoɔıǝupo ʇn ɟɐɯɐ pǝ ɥoɯqɹǝ ɾnsʇo ʎ pǝʌoʇo pǝl sǝñoɹ' ʌɐɯos ɐ pǝɾɐɹ ǝu ɯɐuos pǝ él ʇn pǝsʇıuo: ʌɐɯos ɐ ǝsɔɹıqıɹ ǝu pos dɐdǝlǝs sǝdɐɹɐpos lɐs dɐlɐqɹɐs ‘ɔnldɐqlǝ’ ǝ ‘ıuoɔǝuʇǝ’˙ ʇú ǝsɔoƃǝɹás ʎ sǝɹá lɐ ɯɐuo pǝ pıos lɐ bnǝ pǝɔıpɐ ʇn pǝsʇıuo”˙ poɹ sndnǝsʇo' ǝl ɯɐl ɟnuɔıouɐɹıo ɥɐqíɐ dɹǝdɐɹɐpo pos dɐdǝlǝs ɔou lɐ ɯısɯɐ lǝʎǝupɐ: ‘ɔulpɐqlǝ’˙ ʎ lɐ doqɹǝ ʌíɔʇıɯɐ' ɐúu sıu ɔouoɔǝɹ los pǝʇɐllǝs' sǝ pɐqɐ ɔnǝuʇɐ bnǝ ǝl sısʇǝɯɐ dɹodnǝsʇo ǝɹɐ nuɐ ʇɹɐɯdɐ˙ uo ɥɐqíɐ ǝsɔɐdɐʇoɹıɐ˙ ǝl ɾnǝz oɹpǝuó ɐl ɥoɯqɹǝ ʇoɯɐɹ nuo pǝ los dɐdǝlǝs poqlɐpos˙ ǝsʇǝ ɹǝsdıɹó dɹoɟnupɐɯǝuʇǝ' bnǝpó ǝu sılǝuɔıo nuos ɔnɐuʇos sǝƃnupos ɔou los oɾos ɔǝɹɹɐpos' ʎ ɔnɐupo lɐ sɐlɐ ɔoɯǝuzɐqɐ ʎɐ ɐ ıɯdɐɔıǝuʇɐɹsǝ' ɐqɹıó los oɾos ʎ ɔou nuɐ ǝxʇɹɐñɐ souɹısɐ' ʇoɯó nuo pǝ los dɐdǝlǝs ʎ llǝʌáupolo ɐ sn qoɔɐ' lo ǝuƃnlló ɹádıpɐɯǝuʇǝ˙ soɹdɹǝupıpos ǝ ıupıƃuɐpos' los dɹǝsǝuʇǝs lǝ ɹǝdɹoɔɥɐɹou˙˙˙ -“pǝɹo˙˙˙' ?bné ɥızo˙˙˙¿' ?ʎ ɐɥoɹɐ˙˙˙¿' ?ɔóɯo ʌɐɯos ɐ sɐqǝɹ ǝl ʌǝɹǝpıɔʇo˙˙˙¿”˙ -“ǝs ɯnʎ sǝuɔıllo' ɹǝsdoupıó ǝl ɥoɯqɹǝ˙˙˙ ǝs ɔnǝsʇıóu pǝ lǝǝɹ ǝl dɐdǝl bnǝ bnǝpɐ' ʎ sɐqɹǝɯos lo bnǝ pǝɔíɐ ǝl bnǝ ɯǝ ʇɹɐƃné”˙ ɔou nu ƃɹɐu ɔoɹɐɾǝ pısıɯnlɐpo' ʇnʌıǝɹou bnǝ lıqǝɹɐɹ ɐl ɐɔnsɐpo ʎ ɾɐɯás ʌolʌıǝɹou ɐ ɯolǝsʇɐɹlo˙˙˙ poɹ ɯás pıɟíɔıl bnǝ sǝ uos dɹǝsǝuʇǝ nuɐ sıʇnɐɔıóu' unuɔɐ pǝɾǝɯos pǝ qnsɔɐɹ lɐ sɐlıpɐ' uı pǝ lnɔɥɐɹ ɥɐsʇɐ ǝl úlʇıɯo ɯoɯǝuʇo˙ ɯnɔɥɐs ʌǝɔǝs ɔɹǝǝɯos bnǝ los dɹoqlǝɯɐs uo ʇıǝuǝu solnɔıóu ʎ uos ɹǝsıƃuɐɯos ɐ dǝɹpǝɹ ʎ uo lnɔɥɐɹ˙

EJERCICIO INTERACTIVO PARA LEER 500 PALABRAS POR MINUTO

 

TÉCNICAS PERSONALIZADAS: TÉCNICAS PARA ESTUDIANTES DE EDUCACIÓN

 

  Ejercicio 2: ampliación del campo visual

Lea el texto verticalmente enfocándose en la línea en una fijación línea por línea anote hasta donde llegó. Tiempo 3 minutos.

 

 

 

 

 

 

  Ejercicio 3: Lectura de significados

Debes leer el texto tratando de entender cada palabra toma el tiempo 3 minutos y subraya la última palabra que entendiste. Luego vuelve a leer 3 minutos y trata de llegar al menos una palabra más de la que subrayaste y así sucesivamente. Tiempo estimado 3 minutos. ¡No te rindas!

 

L4 3DVC4C10N 3N 3L P3RV

 

L0s 3sc0l4r3s p3rv4n0s, pr1nc1p4lm3nt3 3n c0l3g10s 3st4t4l3s y 3n z0n4s rvr4l3s, c0nt1nú4n pr3s3nt4nd0 n1v3l3s d3 r3nd1m13nt0s b4j0s 3n c0mpr3ns1ón d3 t3xt0s, m4t3m4t1c4 y c13nc14s. Vn 3stvd10 1nt3rn4c10n4l d3 l4 3mpr3s4 c0nsvlt0r4 Mck1ns3y (2010) 1d3nt1f1c4 vn c0njvnt0 d3 m3d1d4s qv3 pv3d3n t3n3r vn gr4n 1mp4ct0 3n 3l r3nd1m13nt0 3dvc4t1v0 3n l4s 3scv3l4s b4s1c4s, 3n 3l c0rt0 pl4z0.

3dvc4c1ón, C4p1t4l Hvm4n0 y cr3c1m13nt0
L0s m0d3l0s d3 cr3c1m13nt0 r3l3v4n l4 1mp0rt4nc14 d3l c4p1t4l hvm4n0 3n 3l cr3c1m13nt0 3c0nóm1c0: l4s p3rs0n4s m4s 3dvc4d4s t13n3n n1v3l3s d3 pr0dvct1v1d4d svp3r10r3s, 4sí c0m0 vn4 m4y0r c4p4c1d4d p4r4 4d4pt4r t3cn0l0gí4s 3 1nn0v4r pr0c3s0s. 4l r3sp3ct0, H4nvsh3k y W03ssm4n (2009) pr3s3nt4n 3v1d3nc14 4ctv4l1z4d4 s0br3 l4 r3l4c1ón c4vs4l y p0s1t1v4 3ntr3 l0s c0n0c1m13nt0s y h4b1l1d4d3s c0gn1t1v4s c0n 3l cr3c1m13nt0 3c0nóm1c0. 3st0s 4vt0r3s d3st4c4n qv3 l0s p4ís3s qv3 h4n m3j0r4d0 3st0s c0n0c1m13nt0s y h4b1l1d4d3s, 4pr0x1m4d4s 4 p4rt1r d3 l0s r3svlt4d0s d3 l0s 4lvmn0s 3n l4s 3v4lv4c10n3s d3 r3nd1m13nt0 1nt3rn4c10n4l3s, r3g1str4n m4y0r3s t4s4s d3 cr3c1m13nt0. 4sí, s3 3st1m4 qv3 vn 4vm3nt0 d3 100 pvnt0s 3n l0s r3svlt4d0s d3 l4s prv3b4s P1S4 3n m4t3m4t1c4s y c13nc14s, s3 tr4dvc1rí4 3n vn4 m4y0r t4s4 d3 cr3c1m13nt0 d3l PB1 p3r-c4p1t4 d3 1,2 4 2,0 pvnt0s p0rc3ntv4l3s.

3st4d0 4ctv4l d3 l4 3dvc4c1ón b4s1c4 3n 3l P3rú
S0br3 l4 b4s3 d3 l0s r3svlt4d0s d3 l4s 3v4lv4c10n3s N4c10n4l3s d3l R3nd1m13nt0 3sc0l4r 2001 y 2004, y d3 l4 prv3b4 P1S4 2000, B3n4v1d3s y R0drígv3z (2006) d3st4c4b4n l4 “(…) 3x1st3nc14 d3 gr4nd3s y m4s1v0s d3f1c1t 3n 3l r3nd1m13nt0 d3 l0s 3sc0l4r3s 4 3sc4l4 n4c10n4l (…)”. 4d3m4s, s3 r3p0rt4b4n d1f3r3nc14s s1gn1f1c4t1v4s 3n 3l l0gr0 3dvc4t1v0 d3 l0s 4lvmn0s d3 l4s 3scv3l4s 3st4t4l3s y l4s z0n4s rvr4l3s r3sp3ct0 4 l0s 4lvmn0s d3 l4s 3scv3l4s n0 3st4t4l3s y z0n4s vrb4n4s. 3n p4rt1cvl4r, 3st0s 4vt0r3s s3ñ4l4b4n qv3 3ntr3 1998 y 2004 l0s r3svlt4d0s 3n l4s prv3b4s d3 r3nd1m13nt0 s3 h4bí4n m4nt3n1d0 pr4ct1c4m3nt3 1n4lt3r4d0s, n0 0bst4nt3 qv3 s3 h4bí4n 4pl1c4d0 p0lít1c4s qv3 c0mpr3ndí4n l4 c4p4c1t4c1ón d3 d0c3nt3s, l4 3ntr3g4 d3 t3xt0s y út1l3s 3sc0l4r3s, y l4 r3v1s1ón d3 pr0gr4m4s cvrr1cvl4r3s, 3ntr3 0tr4s.

3n 2006, 3l g0b13rn0 d3l pr3s1d3nt3 4l3j4ndr0 T0l3d0 d1spvs0 vn 4vm3nt0 s1gn1f1c4t1v0 d3 l4s r3mvn3r4c10n3s d3 l0s pr0f3s0r3s, 3n t4nt0 qv3 3l g0b13rn0 d3l pr3s1d3nt3 4l4n G4rcí4 d1ctó l4 L3y d3 l4 C4rr3r4 Públ1c4 M4g1st3r14l 3n 2007. 3st4s m3d1d4s s3 0r13nt4n 3n l4 d1r3cc1ón d3 m0d1f1c4r l0s 1nc3nt1v0s qv3 3nfr3nt4n l0s 4ct0r3s 3n 3l s3ct0r 3dvc4c1ón c0n 3l f1n d3 m3j0r4r l4 c4l1d4d d3l s1st3m4 3dvc4t1v0, 3n p4rt1cvl4r d3 l0s d0c3nt3s y l0s d1r3ct0r3s, 4l pr0m0v3rs3 vn m4y0r c0mpr0m1s0 d3 3st0s 4ct0r3s c0n l0s r3svlt4d0s d3l s1st3m4 3dvc4t1v0.

4vnqv3 s3 h4 m3j0r4d0 3n l0s últ1m0s tr3s 4ñ0s, 3sp3c14lm3nt3 3n c0mpr3ns1ón d3 t3xt0s, 3l r3nd1m13nt0 d3 l0s 4lvmn0s 3n l4s 3v4lv4c10n3s n4c10n4l3s c0nt1nú4 s13nd0 b4j0. D3 4cv3rd0 4 l4 3v4lv4c1ón C3ns4l d3 3stvd14nt3s 2010 r34l1z4d4 p0r 3l M1n1st3r10 d3 3dvc4c1ón y 4pl1c4d4 4 l0s 4lvmn0s d3l s3gvnd0 gr4d0 d3 pr1m4r14, 3n 3l 2010 sól0 29 y 14 4lvmn0s d3 c4d4 100 4lvmn0s 4 n1v3l n4c10n4l 4lc4nz4r0n l0s 4pr3nd1z4j3s 3sp3r4d0s p4r4 3l gr4d0 3n c0mpr3s1ón d3 t3xt0s y m4t3m4t1c4s, r3sp3ct1v4m3nt3, y s3 r3g1str4r0n d1f3r3nc14s s1gn1f1c4t1v4s s3gún t1p0s d3 3scv3l4 y 4 n1v3l 1nt3rn4c10n4l, 3l P3rú h4 p4rt1c1p4d0 3n d1f3r3nt3s prv3b4s. C4b3 d3st4c4r l4s prv3b4s P1S4 d3l 2000 y 2009, l4s cv4l3s 3v4lú4n l4s 4r34s d3 c0mpr3ns1ón d3 t3xt0s, m4t3m4t1c4s y c13nc14s, y s3 4pl1c4 4 l0s 3stvd14nt3s d3 15 4ñ0s d3 3d4d.

D3 4cv3rd0 4 l4s prv3b4s P1S4 2009, 3l P3rú s3 vb1c4 3n 3l pv3st0 63 3n c0mpr3ns1ón d3 t3xt0s y m4t3m4t1c4s, y 3n 3l pv3st0 64 3n c13nc14s, d3 vn t0t4l d3 65 p4ís3s (V3r Cv4dr0 1). C0n 3ll0, s3 vb1c4 3n 3l últ1m0 lvg4r 3ntr3 l0s p4ís3s d3 4m3r1c4 L4t1n4 qv3 r1nd13r0n l4s prv3b4s 3n l4s m4t3r14s d3 c0mpr3ns1ón d3 t3xt0s y c13nc14s, y 3n 3l p3núlt1m0 3n 3l 4r34 d3 m4t3m4t1c4s.

3l 65 p0r c13nt0 d3 l0s 4lvmn0s p3rv4n0s s3 vb1có p0r d3b4j0 d3l N1v3l 2 3n 3l 4r34 d3 c0mpr3ns1ón d3 t3xt0s, m13ntr4s qv3 3n m4t3m4t1c4s y c13nc14s d1ch0s p0rc3nt4j3s fv3r0n d3 73 y 68 p0r c13nt0, r3sp3ct1v4m3nt3. C4b3 s3ñ4l4r qv3 3l N1v3l 2 mv3str4 qv3 vn 4lvmn0 cv3nt4 c0n l4s h4b1l1d4d3s b4s1c4s n3c3s4r14s p4r4 p4rt1c1p4r 3n f0rm4 3f3ct1v4 y pr0dvct1v4 3n l4 s0c13d4d (03CD, 2010). D3 0tr0 l4d0, sól0 3l 0,4; 0,7 y 0,2 p0r c13nt0 d3 l0s 4lvmn0s p3rv4n0s 4lc4nz4r0n l0s N1v3l3s 5 y 6 3n l4s 4r34s d3 c0mpr3ns1ón d3 t3xt0s, m4t3m4t1c4s y c13nc14s, r3sp3ct1v4m3nt3. 3st0s n1v3l3s s0n l0s m4s 4lt0s d3 l4s prv3b4s P1S4 y mv3str4n, d3 4cv3rd0 c0n l4 03CD, l4 p0s1b1l1d4d d3 0bt3n3r g4n4nc14s c0mp3t1t1v4s 3n l4 4ctv4l 3c0n0mí4 d3l c0n0c1m13nt0.

3l 1nf0rm3 Mck1ns3y s0br3 l4 m3j0r4 d3 l4 c4l1d4d 3dvc4t1v4
3l 1nf0rm3 d3 McK1ns3y d3n0m1n4d0 “Cóm0 l0s s1st3m4s 3dvc4t1v0s qv3 h4n m3j0r4d0 c0nt1nú4n h4c13nd0l0”, 3l4b0r4d0 3n 2010, 4 p4rt1r d3l 4n4l1s1s d3 v31nt3 s1st3m4s 3dvc4t1v0s qv3 h4n r3g1str4d0 vn4 m3j0r4 s1gn1f1c4t1v4 3n sv d3s3mp3ñ0, p3rm1t3 1nf3r1r vn4 c13rt4 “s3cv3nc14” d3 l4s m3d1d4s d3 p0lít1c4, s3gún 3l n1v3l d3 d3s3mp3ñ0 qv3 l0s s1st3m4s 3dvc4t1v0s pr3s3nt3n. 3st4 “s3cv3nc14” gv4rd4 r3l4c1ón c0n l4s c4p4c1d4d3s 1nst1tvc10n4l3s y d3 g3st1ón, 4sí c0m0 c0n l4 d0t4c1ón d3 r3cvrs0s d3 1nfr43strvctvr4, p3rs0n4l y f1n4nc13r0s, 3ntr3 0tr0s. S1 b13n 3ll0 n0 s1gn1f1c4 qv3 n0 s3 pv3d4n 4d0pt4r -y 4d4pt4r- m3d1d4s d3 l0s s1st3m4s 3dvc4t1v0s m4s 4v4nz4d0s, 3x1st1rí4n l1m1t4c10n3s p4r4 qv3 3st4s s34n 3f3ct1v4s 3n s1st3m4s d3 m3n0r d3s3mp3ñ0.

4l r3sp3ct0, McK1ns3y r3p0rt4 qv3 l0s s1st3m4s 3dvc4t1v0s qv3 h4n tr4ns1t4d0 d3 vn n1v3l “p0br3” 4 vn0 “4c3pt4bl3” 3n l0s últ1m0s 4ñ0s (M1n4s G3r41s-Br4s1l, M4dhy4 Pr4d3sh-1nd14 y W3st3rn C4p3-Svd4fr1c4) h4n pr10r1z4d0 l4 0bt3nc1ón d3 h4b1l1d4d3s b4s1c4s d3 c0mpr3ns1ón y c4lcvl0 p0r p4rt3 d3 l0s 4lvmn0s d3 3dvc4c1ón pr1m4r14, y h4n b4s4d0 sv 3x1t0 3n pl4n3s d3 l3cc10n3s 3st4nd4r1z4d4s (0bj3t1v0s, pl4n d3 l3cc10n3s, m4t3r14l3s d3 4pr3nd1z4j3 d14r10s, 3str4t3g14 p3d4góg1c4), y 3n l4 4pl1c4c1ón d3 3x4m3n3s 3st4nd4r1z4d0s p3r1ód1c0s (V3r Cv4dr0 3). Pr0dvct0 d3 3st4s r3f0rm4s, p0r 3j3mpl0, 3n M1n4s G3r41s-Br4s1l 3l p0rc3nt4j3 d3 4lvmn0s d3 0ch0 4ñ0s 3d4d qv3 l3í4 s3gún 3l n1v3l r3c0m3nd4d0 p4r4 sv 3d4d 4vm3ntó d3 49 4 86 p0r c13nt0 3ntr3 3l 2006 y 2010, vb1c4nd0s3 3n 3l pr1m3r lvg4r d3l Índ1c3 N4c10n4l d3 3dvc4c1ón d3 Br4s1l d3 2009.

3l 1nf0rm3 t4mb13n pr3s3nt4 l4s m3d1d4s 4pl1c4d4s p0r s1st3m4s 3dvc4t1v0s qv3 h4n tr4ns1t4d0 d3 vn n1v3l d3 d3s3mp3ñ0 “4d3cv4d0” 4 vn0 “bv3n0”, p0r 3j3mpl0: 3st4bl3c1m13nt0 d3 m3t4s p4r4 4lvmn0s 3 1nsp3cc10n3s p4r4 c0l3g10s; m3j0r4 3n 4r34s 3sp3cíf1c4s 4 p4rt1r d3 l4s 3v4lv4c10n3s d3 r3nd1m13nt0, pr1nc1p4lm3nt3 3n c0l3g10s c0n r3tr4s0; d3sc3ntr4l1z4c1ón d3 fvnc10n3s; 3st4bl3c1m13nt0 d3 r3d3s d3 c0l3g10s; d0bl3 j0rn4d4; c0mp3t3nc14 d3 l0s d1r3ct0r3s p4r4 s3l3cc10n4r 4 l0s pr0f3s0r3s; y m4y0r3s r3cvrs0s y 3strvctvr4 3f1c13nt3 y 3qv1t4t1v4 d3 4s1gn4c1ón d3 r3cvrs0s, 3ntr3 0tr4s.

3n 3l c4s0 d3 l0s s1st3m4s 3dvc4t1v0s qv3 h4n tr4ns1t4d0 d3 vn n1v3l “bv3n0” 4 vn0 “svp3r10r”, s3 d3st4c4, 3ntr3 0tr4s, l4 pr0f3s10n4l1z4c1ón d3 l0s pr0f3s0r3s, 4 tr4v3s d3 pr0gr4m4s d3 r3clvt4m13nt0, 3ntr3n4m13nt0, r3qv1s1t0s d3 c3rt1f1c4c1ón, d3s4rr0ll0 pr0f3s10n4l pr0p10 0 p0r p4r3s; c04ch1ng 3n pl4n34m13nt0 d3 cl4s3s, d3sc3ntr4l1z4c1ón d3 d3c1s10n3s 4 l0s c0l3g10s y 4vt03v4lv4c1ón; y pr0m0c1ón d3 l4 1nn0v4c1ón y cr34t1v1d4d 3n l4 3ns3ñ4nz4 4 tr4v3s d3 f0nd0s p4r4 l4 1nv3st1g4c1ón 4pl1c4d4 3n t3cn1c4s p3d4góg1c4s.

C0ns1d3r4c10n3s l3g4l3s

D4d0 3l n1v3l 4ctv4l d3 d3s3mp3ñ0 d3l s1st3m4 3dvc4t1v0 p3rv4n0 s3 r3qv13r3 pr10r1z4r, 3n 3l c0rt0 pl4z0, qv3 l0s 4lvmn0s 4lc4nc3n vn n1v3l d3 h4b1l1d4d3s b4s1c4s. P4r4 3ll0, d3 4cv3rd0 4 l4 3xp3r13nc14 1nt3rn4c10n4l, s3 h4n 1d3nt1f1c4d0 vn c0njvnt0 d3 m3d1d4s qv3 p3rm1t1rí4n 4lc4nz4r 1mp0rt4nt3s r3svlt4d0s 3n 3l c0rt0 pl4z0, d3st4c4nd0 3l 3st4bl3c1m13nt0 d3 pl4n3s d3 l3cc10n3s 3st4nd4r1z4d4s y l4 4pl1c4c1ón d3 3x4m3n3s 3st4nd4r1z4d0s p3r1ód1c0s.